Enterprise Java Development@TOPIC@

Chapter 57. One-to-Many Relationships

57.1. One-to-Many: Uni-directional
57.2. @OneToMany Annotation
57.3. One-to-Many: Bi-directional
57.4. @ManyToOne Annotation
57.5. One-to-Many: Element Collection
57.6. @ElementCollection Annotation
57.7. Other Topics
57.8. Summary

Figure 57.1. One-to-Many Uni-directional

One-to-Many Uni-directional

Figure 57.2. One-to-Many Bi-directional

One-to-Many Bi-directional

Uni-directional

Only one side ("owner") knows of the relationship

  • Uses the @OneToMany annotation

  • Defines mapping to database

    • Uses either @JoinColumn or @JoinTable

    Note

    @JoinTable adds the foreign key to the child table and not to the owning entity class table in this uni-directional case

Bi-directional

Both classes know of the relationship

  • Many side required to be owning side and maps relation to the database

    • Uses the @ManyToOne annotation

    • Uses either @JoinColumn or @JoinTable

    • Changes here change the database

  • One side required to be inverse and names the other entity's property

    • @OneToMany(mappedBy="owning-property")

    • Changes here do *not* change database

57.1. One-to-Many: Uni-directional

Figure 57.3. One-to-Many Uni-directional Database Schema

    create table ORMREL_INVENTORY (
/---->  id bigint generated by default as identity,
|       name varchar(255),
|       primary key (id)
|   )
|   create table ORMREL_MEDIA (
|       MEDIA_ID bigint generated by default as identity,
|       title varchar(255),
`-----  INVENTORY_ID bigint,
        primary key (MEDIA_ID)
    )
    alter table ORMREL_MEDIA 
        add constraint FK639A68F4BCF517CD 
        foreign key (INVENTORY_ID) 
        references ORMREL_INVENTORY

Figure 57.4. One-to-Many Uni-directional Database Java Mapping

    @Entity @Table(name="ORMREL_INVENTORY")

    public class Inventory {

        @Id @GeneratedValue

        private long id;

        private String name;

    

        @OneToMany(cascade={CascadeType.ALL})

/-----  @JoinColumn(name="INVENTORY_ID")

|       private Collection<Media> media = new ArrayList<Media>();

|   

|   @Entity @Table(name="ORMREL_MEDIA")

|   public class Media  {

|       @Id @GeneratedValue @Column(name="MEDIA_ID")

`----> private long id;

Figure 57.5. One-to-Many Uni-directional Database Usage

ejava.examples.orm.rel.annotated.Inventory inventory = new Inventory();

inventory.setName("testLinkCreate");


em.persist(inventory);


for(int i=0; i<5; i++) {

    ejava.examples.orm.rel.annotated.Media media = new Media();

    em.persist(media);

    logger.info("created media: {}", media);

    inventory.getMedia().add(media);

}

logger.info("created inventory:{}", inventory);

  • Relationship formed when inverse side added to owning collection

Figure 57.6. One-to-Many Uni-directional Database Usage

-
    call next value for hibernate_sequence
-
    call next value for hibernate_sequence
-created media:Media@7b222230, id=2, title=null, authors(0)={}
-
    call next value for hibernate_sequence
-created media:Media@7df6d663, id=3, title=null, authors(0)={}
...
-
    insert
    into
        ORMREL_INVENTORY
        (name, id)
    values
        (?, ?)
-
    insert
    into
        ORMREL_MEDIA
        (title, MEDIA_ID)
    values
        (?, ?)
-
    insert
    into
        ORMREL_MEDIA
        (title, MEDIA_ID)
    values
        (?, ?)
...
-created inventory:Inventory@4ef4f627, id=1, name=testLinkCreate, media(5)={2,3,4,5,6,}

  • The foreign key is in the inverse entity class table

  • No construct in inverse class maps to this foreign key column


57.2. @OneToMany Annotation

Identical properties to @OneToOne annotation with the exception of no "optional" property

57.3. One-to-Many: Bi-directional

Figure 57.7. One-to-Many Bi-directional Example Database Schema

    create table ORMREL_BORROWER (
+---->  BORROWER_ID bigint not null,
|       endDate date,
|       startDate date,
|       primary key (BORROWER_ID)
|   )
|   create table ORMREL_CHECKOUT (
|       CHECKOUT_ID bigint generated by default as identity,
|       outDate date,
|       returnDate date,
`-----  CHECKOUT_BID bigint not null,
        primary key (CHECKOUT_ID)
    )
    alter table ORMREL_CHECKOUT 
        add constraint FK7F287E16C07B41F3 
        foreign key (CHECKOUT_BID) 
        references ORMREL_BORROWER

Figure 57.8. One-to-Many Bi-directional Example Java Mapping

    @Entity @Table(name="ORMREL_CHECKOUT")

    public class Checkout {

        @Id @GeneratedValue @Column(name="CHECKOUT_ID")

        private long id;

    

  +-->  @ManyToOne(optional=false)

  |     @JoinColumn(name="CHECKOUT_BID")

+-----  private Borrower borrower;

| | 

| | @Entity @Table(name="ORMREL_BORROWER")

| | public class Borrower  {

| |     private static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(Borrower.class);

| |     @Id @Column(name="BORROWER_ID")

`---->  private long id;

  |     

  |     @OneToMany(mappedBy="borrower", //this relationship is owned by Checkout

  |             fetch=FetchType.LAZY)   //try to limit what we get back

  `---  private Collection<Checkout> checkouts = new ArrayList<Checkout>();

Figure 57.9. One-to-Many Bi-directional Example Usage (Create)

//get a borrower

Borrower borrower =  em.find(Borrower.class, borrowerId);

assertNotNull(borrower);

assertEquals(0, borrower.getCheckouts().size());


//create 1st checkout

Checkout checkout = new Checkout(new Date());

checkout.setBorrower(borrower); //set owning side of the relation

    //wrapper around - borrower.getCheckouts().add(checkout)

borrower.addCheckout(checkout); //set inverse side of relation

em.persist(checkout);   //persist owning side of the relation

em.flush();

-getting borrower id=1
-
    select
        borrower0_.BORROWER_ID as BORROWER1_15_0_,
        borrower0_.endDate as endDate2_15_0_,
        borrower0_.startDate as startDat3_15_0_
    from
        ORMREL_BORROWER borrower0_
    where
        borrower0_.BORROWER_ID=?
...
-
    call next value for hibernate_sequence
-
    insert
    into
        ORMREL_CHECKOUT
        (CHECKOUT_BID, outDate, returnDate, CHECKOUT_ID)
    values
        (?, ?, ?, ?)

//get a borrower

//create a couple more

for(int i=0; i<5; i++) {

    Checkout co = new Checkout(new Date());

    co.setBorrower(borrower);   //set owning side of the relation

    borrower.addCheckout(co);   //set inverse side of relation

    em.persist(co);  //persist owning side of the relation

}

em.flush();

-
    call next value for hibernate_sequence
...    
-
    insert
    into
        ORMREL_CHECKOUT
        (CHECKOUT_BID, outDate, returnDate, CHECKOUT_ID)
    values
        (?, ?, ?, ?)
...

Figure 57.10. One-to-Many Bi-directional Example Usage (Verify)

//check the DB

em.flush(); em.clear();

Borrower borrower2 = em.find(Borrower.class, borrower.getId());

assertEquals(6, borrower2.getCheckouts().size());

57.4. @ManyToOne Annotation

Many of the familiar properties

57.5. One-to-Many: Element Collection

Figure 57.11. Element Collection Example Database Schema

    create table RELATIONEX_SUSPECT (
+---->  id integer generated by default as identity,
|       name varchar(32),
|       primary key (id)
|   )
|   create table RELATIONEX_SUSPECT_ALIASES (
`-----  SUSPECT_ID integer not null,
        ALIAS varchar(32),
        unique (SUSPECT_ID, ALIAS)
    )
    alter table RELATIONEX_SUSPECT_ALIASES 
        add constraint FK3FD160E6DE29C9CF 
        foreign key (SUSPECT_ID) 
        references RELATIONEX_SUSPECT

Figure 57.12. Element Collection Example Database Java Mapping

@Entity

@Table(name="RELATIONEX_SUSPECT")

public class Suspect {

    @Id @GeneratedValue

    private int id;

    @Column(length=32)

    private String name;

        

    @ElementCollection

    @CollectionTable(

            name="RELATIONEX_SUSPECT_ALIASES",

            joinColumns=@JoinColumn(name="SUSPECT_ID"), 

            uniqueConstraints=@UniqueConstraint(columnNames={"SUSPECT_ID", "ALIAS"}))

    @Column(name="ALIAS", length=32)

    private Set<String> aliases;

Figure 57.13. Element Collection Example Database Usage

Suspect suspect = new Suspect();
suspect.setName("william");
em.persist(suspect);
suspect.getAliases().add("bill");
suspect.getAliases().add("billy");

57.6. @ElementCollection Annotation

Many of the familiar properties

57.7. Other Topics

57.8. Summary